မၾကာေသးမွီကမွ ျမန္မာျပည္ကုိလာေရာက္လည္ပတ္သြားတဲ႔ ဘရူစဲ(လ္)အေျခစုိက္ ယူရုိျမန္မာ ရုံးရဲ႕ အမူေဆာင္ဒါရုိက္တာ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝကုိ ဧရာဝတီကေတ႔ြဆုံျပီးေမးျမန္းထားခ်က္မ်ားကုိ ျပန္ဆုိျပီးေဝငွလုိက္ျခင္းသာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီေမးျမန္းခ်က္ေတြကုိမေဖာ္ျပခင္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ဘက္က ေျပာစရာအနည္းငယ္ရွိပါတယ္။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝအေၾကာင္းကုိ သူျမန္မာျပည္မလာခင္ထိ ေကာင္းေကာင္းမသိပါ။ သူမလာခင္ ဧရာဝတီကတစ္ေခါက္အင္တာဗ်ဴးတုန္းက သူ႔ရဲ႕ျမန္မာျပည္ေပၚအျမင္ကုိ ဖတ္ရပါတယ္။ အဒီေတာ႔မွသူဘယ္သူဘယ္ဝါဆုိတာသိရပါတယ္။ သူ႔အင္တာဗ်ဴးကုိဖတ္ျပီး ေနာက္တေန႔မွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ရဲ႕ေဘာ္ဒါေဘာ္ကၽြတ္ၾကီး အုံပုန္းစာေပသမား ရန္ႏုိင္နဲ႔ေတြ႔ေတာ႔ အဒီအေၾကာင္းကုိေျပာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ျပႆနာကအဒီမွာစတာပဲ။ သူရီမယ္ဆုိလဲ ရီခ်င္စရာ။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ကုိက အဒီလုိကပ္သီကပ္ဖဲ႕ အမည္နာမေတြဆုိ ဘယ္လုိအသံထြက္ရမွန္းကုိမသိတာ။ တစ္ခုခုစေျပာေတာ႕မယ္ဆိုလည္း အစကုိေမ႔တာ။အဲဒါ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ရဲ႕ ထုံးစံ။ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔က သူကုိအဒီအင္တာဗ်ဴးအေၾကာင္းကုိေျပာခ်င္လုိ႔ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝနာမည္ကုိအသံထြက္ဖုိ႔အစခ်ီတဲ႔အခါ လုိရင္းကဆက္မရဘဲ၊ အဒီနာမည္မွာတင္ပဲ တစ္ေနေတာ႔ ။ဒီကာင္ကလည္း ထုံးစံအတုိင္း ရီေတာ႔တာ ေပါ႔။ ဒါေတြက ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ကုိ အမွတ္ရေစတာေတြပါ။ ခုေတာ႔ ေနာက္တစ္ၾကိမ္ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝရဲ႕ အင္းတာဗ်ဴးကုိထပ္ဖတ္ရျပန္ျပီ၊ ဒီတစ္ခါေတာ႔ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ၾကိဳးစားျပီးျပန္ၾကည္႕မည္ဟုစတ္ပုိင္းျဖတ္ကာ ျပန္ၾကည္႔လုိက္ပါတယ္။ ျပည္႔စုံသည္ေတာ႔ ကုိယ္ကုိကုိယ္ မယူဆပါ။ လုိအပ္တာမ်ားရွိလွ်င္လည္း ပညာရွင္မ်ား ျဖည္႔စြက္၍ဖတ္ေပးေစလုိပါတယ္။ မူရင္းပါဖတ္လုိ႔ရေအာင္ တစ္ပါတည္း ပူးတြဲေဖာ္ျပလုိက္ပါတယ္။

ဧရာဝတီ း ခင္ဗ်ားရဲ႕ ႏွစ္ငါးဆယ္နီးပါးၾကာမွ သြားေရာက္လည္ပတ္ခြင္႔ရတဲ႔ ပထမဆုံး ျမန္မာျပည္ခရီးစဥ္ဟာ မၾကာေသးခင္ကပဲ ျပီးဆုံးသြားတယ္ေပၚ႔ေနာ္။ ဒါေပမယ္႔ ခင္ဗ်ား ဘဝတစ္ခုလုံးဟာ အဲ႔ဒီ ႏွစ္ငါးဆယ္တြင္းမွာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ ဖြံ႔ျဖဳိးမူေတြအေပၚမွာသာ ႏွစ္ျမုပ္ရင္း အခ်ိန္ေတြကုန္ခဲ႔တယ္။ အဒီေတာ႔ ခင္ဗ်ား ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာ ရွိေနစဥ္ ခင္ဗ်ားျမင္ခဲ႔ရ၊ၾကဳံခဲ႔ရတဲ႔ အရာေတြကုိ တအ႔ံတၾသျဖစ္မိတာရွိလား။ အေျခအေနေတြကေကာ ခင္ဗ်ားေမ်ာ္လင္႔ထားသလုိပဲလား။

ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝ း ကၽြန္ေတာ္ထင္ထားတာထက္ ပုိျပီးပြင္႔လင္းတဲ႔ အေကာင္းဘက္ဦးတည္ေနတဲ႔ ႏုိင္ငံေရးပတ္ဝန္းက်င္( Political Atmosphere)တစ္ခုကုိေတာ႔ ေတြ႕ပါတယ္။ လူေတြက ေၾကာက္ရြ႕ံထိတ္လန္႔ေနတဲ႕ပုံေတာ႔ မရွိပါဘူး။ ႏုိင္ငံေရးသမားပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္၊ လမ္းေပၚမွာသြားေနတဲ႔ လူပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ေပါ႔။ ဥပမာတစ္ခုေျပာရရင္ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ရန္ကုန ္ဟုိတယ္မွာေနတုန္းက ဟုိတယ္ဧည္ၾကဳိကေလးမေလးက အထူးေထာက္လွမ္းေရးအဖြဲ႔ေတြကုိ ( Special Branch Operative) ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔အခန္းနံပါတ္ေပးဖုိ႔ုိ ျငင္းဆန္တာမ်ိဳး၊ အဒီလုိေပးပုိင္ခြင္႔မရွိဘူးလုိ႔ ေျပာတာမ်ိဳး။ ဒီလုိလုပ္ရပ္မ်ိဳးေတြဟာ စစ္အ စုိးလက္ထက္မွာဆုိရင္ ေတြးေတာင္မေတြးရဲတဲ႔ကိစၥပါ။ ဒါကၽြန္ေတာ္ အ႔ံအားသင္႔မိတဲ႔အထဲမွာ ပါပါတယ္။ ေနာက္တစ္ခုကေတာ႔ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ရန္ကုန္မွာရွိေနစဥ္တုန္းက ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ေနာက္ကုိ အထူးေထာက္လွမ္းေရးအဖြဲ႔ေတြ တေကာက္ေကာက္လုိက္ေနေပမယ္႔ ရွမ္းျပည္မွာၾကေတာ႔ တစ္ေယာက္မွပါမလာဘူး။ ဒီအခ်က္ကလည္း ကၽြန္ေတာ္ အ႔ံအားသင္႔မိတဲ႔အခ်က္ပဲ။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ထင္ထားတာနဲ႔ မတူဘူး။

ဧရာဝတီ း ျမန္မာျပည္ကျပန္လာျပီး သိပ္မၾကာခင္မွာပဲ ခင္ဗ်ားကုိ Shan Herald သတင္းဌာနကေမးေတာ႔ ရန္ကုန္နဲ႔ ရွမ္းျပည္ကုိပဲ အလည္ပတ္ခရီး သတ္သတ္လုိ႔ ခင္ဗ်ားေျပာခဲ႔တယ္။ ဒါေပမယ္႔ တကယ္တမ္းမွာ ႏုိင္ငံေရးပါတီတစ္ဒါဇင္ေလာက္က ကုိယ္စားလွယ္ေတြနဲ႔ေရာ၊ ထိပ္ပုိင္းက အစုိးရအရာရွိ ပုဂၢဳိလ္ေတြနဲ႔ေရာ ေတြဆုံခဲ႔တယ္။ ဒါေတြက ခင္ဗ်ားအေနနဲ႔ ၾကဳိတင္စီစဥ္ထားတာမ်ဳိးလား။ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ခင္ဗ်ားေရာက္ျပီလုိ႔သိရမွ သူတုိ႔ေတြကလာၾကတာမ်ဳိးလား။

ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝ း ကၽြန္ေတာ္ျမန္မာျပည္ကုိမလာခင္ ခရီးစဥ္နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ျပီးထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္တစ္ေစာင္ထုတ္ျပန္ပါတယ္။ အဒီထဲမွာကၽြန္ေတာ္ေျပာခဲ႔တဲ႔အတုိင္းပဲ။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ကုိ ေတြ႔ခ်င္တဲ႔မည္သူမဆုိ ေတြ႔ဖုိ႔အဆင္သင္႔ပါပဲလုိ႔။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ဘက္ကေတာ႔ ဘာမွၾကဳိတင္စီစဥ္ထားတာမ်ဳိးမရွိဘူး။ ဘာလုိ႔ဆုိ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ကုိယ္တုိင္ ဘာကုိေမွ်ာ္လင္႔ရမလဲဆုိတာ မသိဘူးေလ။လူေတြကကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ကုိ ေတြ႔ခ်င္မေတြ႔ခ်င္၊ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ကုိယ္တုိင္ လြတ္လြတ္လပ္လပ္ သြားႏုိင္မသြားႏုိင္ဆုိတာေပါ႔။ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးအဖြဲ႔ေတြကေတာ႔ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ေနာက္ေပၚေပၚတင္တင္ပဲလုိက္တယ္။ဒါေပမယ္႔ လူေတြကကၽြန္ေတာ္ေရာက္ျပီလုိ႔သိမွ လာၾကတာပါ။

ဧရာဝတီ း ခင္ဗ်ားရန္ကုန္ကုိမေရာက္ခင္ ထိပ္ပုိင္းက ျမန္မာအစုိးရအရာရွိပုိင္းေတြရယ္၊ အစုိးရနဲ႔နီးနီးကပ္ကပ္ရွိတဲ႔ Myanmar Egressကလူေတြရယ္ ဘန္ေကာက္မွာေတြ႕ဆုံျဖစ္တယ္လုိ႔သိရတယ္။ အဒီေတာ႔ ခင္ဗ်ား အဒီမွာ သူတုိ႔ေတြနဲ႔ ဘာေတြေဆြးေႏြးျဖစ္ခဲ႔ေသးလဲ။ ခင္ဗ်ားခရီးစဥ္ကုိေရာ Myanmar Egressကစီစဥ္ေပးခဲ႔တာလား။

ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝ းMyanmar Egressက အဖြဲ႔ဝင္ေတြက ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ကုိ အစုိးရအရာရွိပုိင္းေတြနဲ႔ မိတ္ဆက္ေပးရုံသက္သက္ပါပဲ။ အစုိးရပုိင္းကလူေတြက ကၽြန္ေတာ္ဘယ္သူဘယ္ဝါဆုိတာ ေသခ်ာသိခ်င္ေနတာပါ။ အရင္ကကိစၥေတြနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ျပီးေတာ႔ကၽြန္ေတာ္ရယ္၊ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔အစ္ကုိယ္ႏွစ္ေယာက္ရယ္ကုိေရာေထြး ေနတာ။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔အထက္ကတစ္ေယာက္ Tiger ေညာင္ေဝက ၂၀၀၅မွာ ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္လြတ္လပ္ေရးအတြက္ ေၾကျငာခဲ႔သူ။ ေနာက္တစ္ေယာက္က အစ္ကုိယ္ၾကီး စပ္စံေညာင္ေဝ သူကရွမ္းတပ္မေတာ္ထဲဝင္ျပီး ၂၀၀၄မွာ ဆုံးတယ္။ အစုိးရပုိင္းကလူေတြက တုိင္းရင္းသားလက္နက္ကုိင္အဖြဲ႔ေတြနဲ႔ ျငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးေဆြးေႏြးမယ္႔ကိစၥအေပၚ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔အျမင္ကုိသိခ်င္တာ။ ဒီေဆြးေႏြးပြဲက အစုိးရကကမ္းလွမ္းျပီး ကမကထလုပ္တဲ႔ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ။ဒီျပႆနာက ႏွစ္ေပါင္း၅၀ေလာက္ အျမစ္တြယ္ျပီးျဖစ္ပ်က္ေနတဲ႔ျပႆနာ။ ဒါကုိ ေျဖရွင္းဖုိ႔ကၾကဳိးစားအားထုတ္မူေတြ အမ်ားၾကီး လုပ္ဖုိ႔လုိမယ္လုိ႕ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ေျပာလုိက္ပါတယ္။ ႏွစ္ဦးႏွစ္ဖက္ အျပန္အလွန္နားလည္မူနဲ႔ ယုံၾကည္မူတည္ေဆာက္ဖုိ႔ အစီအစဥ္ေတြလည္းလုပ္ဖုိ႔လုိပါတယ္။ဒါေပမယ္႔ အစုိးရအေနနဲ႔ မွ်မွ်တတ၊ တန္းတူရည္တူထားျပီး ေလးေလးစားစားနဲ႔ ေျဖရွင္းမွသာ ဒီျပႆနာက ေျပလည္သြားႏုိင္စရာရွိလာမွာပါ။ Myanmar Egress က ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ကုိ မစီစဥ္ေပးပါဘူး။ အစုိးရဘက္ကလည္းမစီစဥ္ေပးပါဘူး။ ဒါ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ရဲ႕ကုိယ္ေရးကုိယ္တာနဲ႔ လာတဲ႔ ခရီးစဥ္။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔မိတ္ေဆြေတြကတဆင္႔၊ ခရီးသြားေအးဂ်င္႔တစ္ခုကတစ္ဆင္႔၊ အင္တာနက္ကေန တဆင္႔ ကုိယ္တုိင္စီစဥ္တာပါ။ Egressက ကၽြန္ေတာ္လာမယ္႔ဆုိတဲ႔ သတင္းကုိဖြလုိက္လုိ႔ Egressက စီစဥ္ေပးတဲ႔ပုံေပၚက္သြားတာပါ။ တကယ္႕တကယ္က ထုိင္းအဲယားေဝးမဆင္းမီွ ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ေလယဥ္က အရင္ဆင္းတာ။ သတင္းသမားေတြက ရန္ကုန္မွာ က်င္းပမယ္႔ ကုိရီးယားရုပ္ရွင္ပြဲေတာ္အတြက္ ထုိင္းအဲလုိင္းနဲ႔ပါလာမယ္႔ ကုိရီးယား မင္းသား၊မင္းသမီးေတြကုိေစာင္႕ေနတာ။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ဆုိက္ေရာက္ခန္းမကုိေရာက္ေရာက္ခ်င္း ျမန္မာတုိင္း(မ္) သတင္းေထာက္တစ္ေယာက္က ကၽြန္ေတာ္ကုိ ေတြ႕သြားေတာ႔ ဓတ္ပုံေတြရုိက္၊ အင္တာေတြဗ်ဴးေတာ႔ အျခားသတင္းေထာက္ေတြလည္းျမင္သြားျပီး ဓတ္ပုံေတြရုိက္၊ အင္တာေတြဗ်ဴးတယ္။ အဒီေတာ႔ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ေရာက္တဲ႔သတင္းက ျပန္႔သြားေရာ။ ေနာက္တစ္ခုက Egressနဲ႔ ဆက္စပ္မူရွိတဲ႔ Voiceသတင္းဂ်ာနယ္ကလည္း ခ်က္ခ်င္း ေဖ႔စဘြတ္(facebook)မွာ ကၽြန္ေတာ္ေရာက္တဲ႔သတင္းကုိ ေရးတယ္။ အျခားဂ်ာနယ္ေတြက ကၽြန္ေတာ္ေရာက္ျပီး ေနာက္တစ္ပတ္မွာ ေရးတယ္။ ခုဧရာဝတီက ကၽြန္ေတာ္႔ဗ်ဴးသလုိပဲ True ဂ်ာနယ္တုိ႔၊ Financial Times တုိ႔က ကၽြန္ေတာ္ ဗီဇာမရခင္ကတည္းကဗ်ဴးတာ။ ကၽြန္ေတာ္လည္းရန္ကုန္ေရာက္ေရာ သူတုိ႔က အဒီ႔သတင္းေတြကုိ ေဖာ္ကုန္ၾကျပီ။

ဆက္လက္ေဖာ္ျပပါမည္။

Question: Although your recent trip to Burma was your first to the country in nearly 50 years, you have spent most of your life closely observing developments there. Were you surprised at all by anything that you saw during your visit, or were conditions more or less what you expected them to be?

Answer: I found the political atmosphere more optimistic and open than I had expected. People—politicians and the man on the street—seem to be less fearful. In one instance, a hotel receptionist even refused to disclose my room number to a Special Branch operative, saying she did not have the right to disclose such information. This would have been unimaginable in the old days. I was also surprised that although Special Branch followed me around in Rangoon, they were nowhere to be seen in Shan State. I had expected the opposite.

Q: Shortly after your trip, you told the Shan Herald Agency for News (SHAN) that your only plans were to visit your hometown in Shan State and Rangoon, but you ended up meeting a number of high-ranking government officials and representatives of a dozen political parties. Did you organize any of these meetings in advance, or did people seek you out after they learned you were in the country?

A: As I said in the statement about my visit, I was willing to meet with anybody who wanted to meet me. But I did not organize anything in advance because I did not know what to expect. I had no idea if people would be afraid to meet me or if I would be able to move around freely. People sought me out after they learned that I was in the country, despite the fact that I was openly followed by Special Branch operatives. Q: Before you traveled to Rangoon, you met with senior Burmese government officials and members of Myanmar Egress, an NGO with close ties to the government, in Bangkok. What did you discuss there? Did Myanmar Egress arrange your trip? A: Myanmar Egress members introduced me to the senior government officials. The officials wanted to verify who I was. In the past, there had been much confusion as to who and what role was played by myself and my two older brothers—Tiger Yawnghwe, who declared independence for Shan State in 2005, and Chao Tzang Yawnghwe, who served in the Shan State Army and died in 2004. They also wanted to know my opinion about the government’s peace talk offer with the ethnic armed groups. I said that the problem is longstanding and that it would take a lot of effort to resolve. Confidence-building measures are needed to build up trust and understanding on both sides. However, it could be done if the government has the political will to solve the problem in a just and equitable way. No, Myanmar Egress did not arrange my trip. Neither did the government. Since it was a private trip, I made my own arrangements via the Internet, a travel agent and personal friends. It may have seemed that everything was prearranged by Myanmar Egress because they broke the story of my visit. What actually happened was that my flight landed just before the Thai Airways flight. Journalists were waiting at the airport for Korean film stars arriving by Thai for the Korean Film Festival in Rangoon. As I entered the arrivals hall, I was recognized by a journalist from the Yangon Times. He started taking photographs and interviewed me as I was leaving the airport. Other journalists joined in and the news of my arrival spread. The Voice, linked to Myanmar Egress, managed to get the news out immediately on Facebook while the print weeklies did not report my arrival until the following week. Like my Irrawaddy interview, my other interviews with True News and the Financial Times were conducted before I got my visa. They just happened to be published when I was in Rangoon.

www.irrawaddy.org/: An Exile Returns Thursday, November 10, 2011